آزمون زبان تخصصی مدیریت 3 - 4 به صورت دیجی فرم

i) Management is Goal-Oriented: The success of any management activity is accessed by its achievement of the predetermined goals or objective. Management is a purposeful activity. It is a tool which helps use of human & physical resources to fulfill the per-determined goals. For example, the goal of an enterprise is maximum consumer satisfaction by producing quality goods and at reasonable prices. This can be achieved by employing efficient persons and making better use of scarce resources

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Co-ordination tries to achieve harmony between individual‘s efforts towards achievement of group goals and is a key to success of management. Management seeks to achieve co-ordination through its basic functions of planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling. Co-ordination is achieved through planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling. Co-ordination is life-line of management. It is required in each and every function and at each and every stage and therefore it cannot be separated.

A manager performs organizing function with the help of following steps:- 1. Identification of activities - All the activities which have to be performed in a concern have to be identified, grouped and classified into units. 2. Departmentally organizing the activities - dividing the whole concern into independent units and departments is called departmentation. 3. Classifying the authority - Authorities bringing smoothness in a concern‘s working. 4. Co-ordination between authority and responsibility: Each individual is made aware of his authority and knows whom they have to take orders from and to whom they are accountable and to whom they have to report. Thus an organization structure should be designed to clarify who is to do what tasks and who is responsible for what results and to furnish decision-making and communications networks reflecting.

Management as a discipline refers to that branch of knowledge which is connected to study of principles & practices of basic administration. It specifies certain code of conduct to be followed by the manager & also various methods for managing resources efficiently. Any branch of knowledge that fulfills following two requirements is known as discipline: 1. There must be scholars & thinkers who communicate relevant knowledge through research and publications. 2. The knowledge should be formally imparted by education and training programs.

Management is a universal phenomenon. It is a very popular and widely used term. All organizations - business, political, cultural or social are involved in management because it is the management which helps and directs the various efforts towards a definite purpose

Management is a purposive activity. It is something that directs group efforts towards the attainment of certain pre – determined goals. It is the process of working with and through others to effectively achieve the goals of the organization, by efficiently using limited resources in the changing world.