آزمون درس زبان تخصصی(مدرس:جناب آقای نوری)دوره راهنمایان ایرانگردی و جهان گردی1400: به صورت دیجی فرم

Bam grew in . . . . . . . . created mainly thanks to an underground water management system (qanats), which has continued its function until the present day. (1 نمره)

. . . . . . . . . were a form of ancient Mespotamian mud-brick temple-tower common to the Sumerians, Babylonians and Assyrians from approximately 2200 until 500 BCE. (1 نمره)

In Iran, . . . . . . . . architecture appeared with the founding of the Achaemenid Empire. (1 نمره)

Pasargadae set the standard: its city was laid out in an extensive park with bridges, gardens, colonnaded palaces and open column pavilions. Pasargadae along with Susa and Persepolis expressed the authority of The King of Kings; the staircases of the latter recording in relief sculpture the vast extent of the imperial frontier. With the emergence of the Parthians and Sassanids new forms appeared. Parthian innovations fully flowered during the Sassanid period with massive barrel-vaulted chambers, solid masonry domes and tall columns. This influence was to remain for years to come. For example, the roundness of the city of Baghdad in the Abbasid era, points to its Persian precedents, such as Firouzabad in Fars. The ruins of Persepolis, Ctesiphon, Jiroft, Sialk, Pasargadae, Firouzabad, and Arg-é Bam give us a distant glimpse of what contributions Persians made to the art of building.



20. Baghdad was constructed in a round plan just like . . . . . . . . had been built before. (1 نمره)

The Old Persian language appears in royal inscriptions, written in a specially adapted version of . . . . . . . (1 نمره)

The paintings and illustrations produced by the artists of the Baghdad or . . . . . . . . School were primitive and innovative, painted in flat colors with strong dividing lines. (1 نمره)

The tour guide is "a person with an effective combination of enthusiasm, knowledge, personality qualities and high standards of . . . . . . . . . . . who leads groups to the important sites, while providing interpretation and commentary". (1 نمره)

Culturally, politically, and most remarkable of all even religiously, the Iranian contribution to the new . . . . . . . . . . . is of immense importance (1 نمره)

The oldest known surviving carpet in the world is the . . . . . . . . carpet discovered in an archeological excavation in 1949 in the Altai Mountains in Siberia (1 نمره)

. . . . . . . . . looms are mostly used by nomads because they can easily be dismantled at the time of migration. (1 نمره)

The greatest hero was the warrior Rostam, whose adventures appear in the . . . . . . . Shah Namah, written by the poet Ferdowsi around 1010 AD. (1 نمره)

The . . . . . . . . is a reflection of the mythical perfection of nature, and the cosmic order in the eyes of the ancient Iranian peoples. (1 نمره)

The Achaemenids built on a grand scale. The architecture of this period was a very . . . . . . . . which reflected influences from every corner of the ancient world. (1 نمره)

The volcanic site where the Sasanians built their sanctuary, Azargoshasb later called . . . . . . . . has been subject to worship for a long time. (1 نمره)

It is crowned by a half dome, whose interior walls are dressed with enameled faience mosaics, bound by two minarets, and prolonged to the south by . . . . . . . . (three-sided, vaulted hall open at one end), leading to an interior courtyard that described a right angle. (1 نمره)

. . . . . . . . . was the example par excellence of the dynastic city, the symbol of the Achaemenid dynasty. (1 نمره)

The Mausoleum of Oljaytu forms an essential link in the development of the Islamic architecture in central and western Asia, from the classical Seljuk phase until the . . . . . . . . period. (1 نمره)

The dome over the square chamber was placed on four small arches that bridged the corners of the chamber; these arches were called . . . . . . . . . (1 نمره)

Pasargadae set the standard: its city was laid out in an extensive park with bridges, gardens, colonnaded palaces and open column pavilions. Pasargadae along with Susa and Persepolis expressed the authority of The King of Kings; the staircases of the latter recording in relief sculpture the vast extent of the imperial frontier. With the emergence of the Parthians and Sassanids new forms appeared. Parthian innovations fully flowered during the Sassanid period with massive barrel-vaulted chambers, solid masonry domes and tall columns. This influence was to remain for years to come. For example, the roundness of the city of Baghdad in the Abbasid era, points to its Persian precedents, such as Firouzabad in Fars. The ruins of Persepolis, Ctesiphon, Jiroft, Sialk, Pasargadae, Firouzabad, and Arg-é Bam give us a distant glimpse of what contributions Persians made to the art of building.



19. The word "latter" in line 3 refers to . . . . . . . . (1 نمره)

Pasargadae set the standard: its city was laid out in an extensive park with bridges, gardens, colonnaded palaces and open column pavilions. Pasargadae along with Susa and Persepolis expressed the authority of The King of Kings; the staircases of the latter recording in relief sculpture the vast extent of the imperial frontier. With the emergence of the Parthians and Sassanids new forms appeared. Parthian innovations fully flowered during the Sassanid period with massive barrel-vaulted chambers, solid masonry domes and tall columns. This influence was to remain for years to come. For example, the roundness of the city of Baghdad in the Abbasid era, points to its Persian precedents, such as Firouzabad in Fars. The ruins of Persepolis, Ctesiphon, Jiroft, Sialk, Pasargadae, Firouzabad, and Arg-é Bam give us a distant glimpse of what contributions Persians made to the art of building.
18. It was . . . . . . . . to lay out Pasargadae in an vast park with bridges, gardens, colonnaded palaces and open column pavilions. (1 نمره)