آزمون امتحان پایانی پودمان سوم دانش فنی تخصصی به صورت دیجی فرم

 A network is a group of devices (PCs, printers, etc.) or "nodes" connected by communications circuits so that users can share data, programs and hardware resources. A network has two main elements: the physical structure that links the equipment and the software that allows communication. The physical distribution of devices and their circuits is known as network “topology" or "architecture.” The software consists of protocols, i.e. the rules which determine the formats by which information may be exchanged between different systems. The transceiver (transmitter + receiver → transceiver) is the hardware that sends and receives network signals. We could say that cables and transceivers allow computers to "hear" one another, while the software is the "language” that they use to "talk” to one another over the network. To transmit data, a workstation needs a token. As there is only one token per network, only the machine that has this piece of software can transmit on the network. LANs can be interconnected by gateways. These devices help manage communications and control traffic on large networks. They change the data to make it compatible with the protocols of different networks.

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