آزمون درس زبان تخصصی 2 به صورت دیجی فرم

متن زیر را ترجمه کنید و لغات مشخص شده را نیز جدا ترجمه کنید. It flourished in Sasanid and early Islamic times, but after the devastations of the Mongol invasions of the 13th century, subsided into a more modest role until it revived in the 20th century. It seems to have been founded by the Sasanian. The name presumably stems from *nēv-šāpūr "fair, good city of Shapur. In the Sasanid period it was the center of the region of Abaršahr, a name most likely enshrining the name of the Aparnak, who founded the Parthian empire. together with that of Nishapur, on early Islamic coins up to the caliphate of Maʾmun in the early 9th century, thereafter fading from records. For the Sasanids, Nishapur provided an administrative center for Khorasan, which was more secure than Ṭus against raids of peoples from Inner Asia like the Hephtalites and Turks. At the time of the appearance of the Arabs in Khorasan. The Arab raiders reached Nishapur in… led an army via the Kerman road. The town eventually surrendered after a siege of some months. A tribute was imposed. However, in the troubled times of ʿAli’s caliphate, there was a general uprising in Khorasan and Ṭoḵārestān against the Arabs. Subsequent governors of the town are recorded in the sources, but in general Nishapur in Umayyad and early ʿAbbasid times was of much less importance that Marv, which the Arabs had at the outset made their capital in the East as strategically more advantageous an advance post for the conquests in Transoxania and Khwarazm.